Transcriptomic analysis of sorghum bicolor responding to. Crop management abstract crop management research grain. Dec 27, 2012 sorghum is poised to come into its own as an alternative to corn. It is proposed to evaluate sorghum reference germplasm set 360 of the 384 reference set accessions, selected based on the genotyping information of composite collection 41 ssr loci data on 3372 accessions, for postflowering drought tolerance. By karla hernandez, extension forages field specialist northeastern and western south dakota are lacking needed moisture going into the growing season. Majority of the farmers do not know the proper agronomic practices for sorghum. The epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. Sorghum grain is gluten free and is a good substitute for. Edmeades, progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in maize an update, supported by key references, was originally. Please see the attached data files for more detailed information. This article is brought to you for free and open access by the agronomy at iowa state.
Non technical summary sorghums importance as a drought tolerant source of food, feed, and biofuels is increasing due to a world wide shortage of water resources and increasing nonagricultural demand for water the genetic basis of improved crop yield in waterlimited environments is complex and determined by many traits. Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm sciencedirect. An integrated view from breeding to genomics author links open overlay panel luigi cattivelli a b fulvia rizza a franzw. New parental lines having genes for various biotic and abiotic stress tolerances have the potential to mitigate this negative effect. Physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum, genetic basis and breeding methods.
Moench is the fourth most important cereal crop grown throughout the semiarid regions of the world. It is a staple food crop in africa and asia, while it is an. Moisture stress and aluminium toxicity in sorghum production can be overcome by breeding for tolerance. It proved its mettle in the 2012 drought, producing decent dryland yields with very little rainfall, and epas pathway approval for sorghum ethanol should open new markets. Pdf on mar 20, 2020, k rajarajan and others published selection of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Corn and sorghum management strategies for drought 2011. In the first year, the reference set will be characterised for. We explored a possible association between free proline amino acid accumulation in water. Metabolite profiling reveals the effect of drought on sorghum. Both crops have the ability to withstand periods of water deficit and to yield an economic return to the farmer.
This study was set up to determine the response of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Moench is regarded as a drought tolerant species, it provides an ideal model to study the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying such tolerance. The variablemoisture environment during the rainy season can have a severe impact on grain and. Moench grain yield is severely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses during postflowering stages, which has been aggravated by climate change. An experiment was setup in a greenhouse to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of sorghum to different drought patterns. In southeastern nebraska, grain sorghum typically is produced on the relatively more droughtprone land. Strategies to improve postflowering drought tolerance in. Miscellaneous comparison of drought tolerance of maize, sweet. Evaluation of nearisogenic sorghum lines contrasting for qtl markers associated with drought tolerance. Screening sorghum genotypes for salinity tolerant biomass. Evaluation of grain yield in sorghum hybrids under water stress. The effect of drought stress and different levels of nitrogen on yield and yield components of sorghum mohammadreza hadi saeed abadi, mani mojadam,tayeb saki nejad department of agronomy, college of agriculture, ahwaz aranch, islamic azad university, ahwaz, iran key words. In india, sorghum is grown during the rainy and the postrainy seasons.
Pdf physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in. Sorghum, therefore, is an important crop for the food security in the semiarid zones of western. In addition to its drought tolerance, sorghum can also withstand wet extremes better than many other cereal crops, especially maize. It is still one of the most important grain crops grown for human consumption and animal feeding throughout the world. To investigate the changes in gene expression which occur in sorghum subjected to heat and drought stresses either on their own, or in combination, we carried out transcriptomic analyses using dna microarrays agilent technologies ltd containing 28585 unique gene probes. By curtis thompson, extension weed management specialist severe grass and broadleaf weed pressure will reduce grain sorghum yields and can make harvest very difficult. Weed control strategies in grain sorghum notill farmer. Department of energy to examine the role of epigenetics in allowing plants to survive in drought conditions, an increasing concern for agriculture as the effects of. Moench genotypes for drought tolerance using physiological characterization find, read and. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon.
Agrar agronomy in the faculty of natural and agricultural sciences university of pretoria supervisor. In eastern africa, more than 70% of sorghum is cultivated in the dry and hot. Sorghum is a highly droughttolerant crop and has been increasingly used as a model cereal to identify genes that. Drought stress is a major constraint to sorghum production in kenya, especially during flowering stage. Silicon application ameliorated the decrease in dry weight under drought stress conditions, but had no effect on dry matter production under wet conditions. Use of droughttolerant crops as a strategy for efficient. Pdf selection for drought tolerance in sorghum using. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in. The effect of drought stress and different levels of. Apr 12, 2016 sorghum should always be planted into a weed free seedbed.
Sorghum is mainly cultivated in drier areas, especially on shallow and heavy clay soils. Goals objectives the overall goal of this project is to identify the genetic basis of traits that contribute to drought tolerance in sorghum and other crops. At the molecular level the response to drought stress results in the differential expression of several metabolic pathways. Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with preflowering drought tolerance in sorghum. We will develop an irrigation management that optimizes the seasonal distribution of limited water to maximize grain yields of preflowering drought tolerant sorghum lines. Drought adaptation of staygreen sorghum is associated. First, we tested the efficacies of three desiccants ki, naclo3 and kclo3. Of all abiotic stresses, drought is regarded as the most damaging. Evaluation and selection of 20 sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Achievement subproject on drought tolerance in sorghum. Sorghum acres to grow due to drought tolerance, new varieties.
Ijms free fulltext transcriptome analysis of droughtresistant. Moench has been consid ered relatively more salt tolerant than maize and has the potential as a grain and fodder crop for. Transcriptomic analysis of sorghum subjected to drought, heat and combined drought and heat stress. Moench were investigated for two cultivars differing in drought susceptibility. Sorghum can better tolerate short periods of water logging compared with maize. Jul 01, 2016 forage sorghum forage sorghum can be grown either as grain or forage crop. The free state and mpumalanga provinces are the largest contributors to the area planted to sorghum and sorghum production. Choosing rotation crops fact sheet shortterm profits, longterm payback crop rotations, particularly those that include nitrogenfixing pulses, are forging a permanent place in northern region farming systems. Novel germplasm and screening methods for early cold tolerance.
Good crop rotation and herbicide selection are essential components of managing weeds in grain sorghum. Among these countries, the top 10 sorghum producers are the united states, abstract sorghum sorghum bicolor l. While increased cold tolerance will move the crop north, it could also facilitate double cropping in the south, removing some of the concerns with winter frost tolerance. Two sorghums that are bird resistant and free of tannin were identified in 1989. A break from winter cereals can provide for the longterm insect, weed and disease management benefits and shortterm potential profits. Sorghum continues to grow, although not well, in flooded conditions. The genetic basis of drought tolerance is ascribed to. Drought stress is the major environmental stress that affects plant growth and productivity. Droughtresistant sorghum is americas new supergrain kcet. Genomic mapping for drought tolerance in sorghum request pdf.
Scenes of starvation have drawn the worlds attention to africas agricultural and. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum sorghum. Young sorghum seedlings grown under controlled conditions were subjected to drought stress, induced by polyethylene. The experiments were conducted during rabi seasons of 200708, 200809 and 200910 to screen the promising germplasm, advanced breeding lines and landraces to identify the new sources and traits associated with postflowering drought tolerance in sorghum. Sorghum study will research plant roots for drought and. Drought tolerance is a complex phenomenon involving mechanisms such as early maturity, avoidance, tolerance, and desiccation tolerance blum, 1988. Abiotic stresses present a major challenge in our quest for sustainable food production as these may reduce the potential yields by 70% in crop plants. This research was aimed at studying the yield response of sorghum mini core accessions to postflowering drought stress to identify droughttolerant sources for sorghum improvement. Improvement of sweet sorghum for drought tolerance p. Drought is a major stress affecting rainfed sorghum production systems. G1976 skiprow planting of grain sorghum for improved.
Young sorghum seedlings grown under controlled conditions were. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum. Recent advances in breeding for drought tolerance in maize. To understand the genetic and physiological basis of drought and heat tolerance in sorghums. Droughtresistant sorghum is americas new supergrain. Grain sorghum is known for its drought tolerance, and. Establishment sorghum can be established in conventional, reduced.
Moench genotypes for drought tolerance by thifhindulwi jeremiah malala submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree m. Combining ability of introduced sorghum parental lines for. The plant has inherent drought tolerance and can thrive in growing conditions that would seem too harsh for other crops. Even with increasing heat stress events and reduced summer rainfall predicted under the climate modelling, the impact on sorghum yields to 2050. Strategies to improve postflowering drought tolerance in rabi. Production practice information for researchdemonstration. Progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in. Moench is a droughtresilient crop, grown extensively in semiarid tropics of the. Sorghum will grow in low fertility,moderately acidic and highly alkaline soils, but it is best adapted to fertile, well drained soils at a ph between 6. G1976 skiprow planting of grain sorghum for improved drought. The advantage of its use over corn is that it requires less water. Sorghum doesnt have gluten, so you cant use it for nice leavened breads, but you can use sorghum to make nice biscuits, flat breads, quick breads, cakes, cookies, brownies and pancakes, he says. By understanding how epigenetics helps crops such as sorghum with drought tolerance, farmers could better predict how cereal crops will be impacted by climate change.
We concluded by presenting possible management options to reduce the effects of water stress in dryland conditions and suggesting possible areas of research. Sorghum sorghum bicolor is the fifth most important cereal grown worldwide in terms of production. Show full abstract postanthesis drought effects in sorghum as aid in selection for lateseason drought tolerance. Phenotyping sorghum reference set for drought tolerance. Moench is regarded as a droughttolerant species, it provides an ideal model to study the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying such tolerance. Miscellaneous comparison of drought tolerance of maize. There is very little understanding of the drought tolerance ability of sorghum. Pdf the impact of drought on sorghum production, and. The production of sorghum in south africa varies from 100 000 ton 00 ha to 180 000 ton 150 000 ha per annum. Milo, forage sorghum potential alternatives in a drought. Drought is one of the most important yields reducing abiotic constraint worldwide. Moench crop in the semiarid tropics often suffers from postflowering drought stress, which causes substantial losses in grain yield and stover quality. Proceedings of the 47th annual corn and sorghum industry research conference 1992.
In southeastern nebraska, grain sorghum typically is produced on the relatively more drought prone land. The objectives are to 1 identify qtl and genes controlling sorghum flowering time, 2 identify qtl and genes for postflowering drought tolerance related to stay green, and 3 identify qtl and genes for root traits related to. In sorghum, the best characterized form of drought tolerance during this stage of crop growth is the so called nonsenescence or staygreen trait. Two of the roots projects will work specifically with sorghum, and the other projects may indirectly impact the crop. Numerous traits contribute to drought tolerance in both sorghum and cotton. Grain sorghum, irrigation regimes, nitrogen fertilizer, yield components. Sorghum study will research plant roots for drought and heat. Metabolite profiling reveals the effect of drought on.
The crop was sown under irrigated and unirrigated condition to examine the potential of sorghum genotypes to adapt to the. The complex nature of drought tolerance limits its management through conventional breeding methods. In a wheatsorghumfallow rotation, it is essential that broadleaf and grassy weeds do not produce seed during. Forage sorghum forage sorghum can be grown either as grain or forage crop. Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon nutrition. More than 180 distinct drought tolerant dt maize varieties have.
Srinivasa rao, p munirathnam, vishwanath, santosh deshpande, francisco zavala, nemera shargie, vincent vadez, serge braconnier and stefania grando email. Cereals like sorghum, millets, wheat, maize and rice are. Evaluation of grain yield in sorghum hybrids under water. The advantage of its use over corn is that it requires less water, and is drought tolerant by going semidormant which makes it a good fit for dryland and limited moisture situations. Twoweek old seedlings of icsv 111 in were transplanted into 9 l pots filled with loamy sand 11. Milo, forage sorghum potential alternatives in a drought no. Sorghum sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops grown in arid and semiarid parts of the world, evolved in semiarid tropical africa where it is still used as a major food grain. It triggers a wide range of responses detectable at molecular, biochemical and physiological levels. The free state and mpumalanga provinces are the largest contributors. Sorghum inbred p1 with stay green drought tolerance was crossed with p2, a standard aluminium tolerant. Mastrangelo b enrico francia a 1 caterina mare a alessandro tondelli a a. Pdf the impact of drought on sorghum production, and farmer. Madhusudhana, in breeding sorghum for diverse end uses, 2019.
Drought adaptation of staygreen sorghum is associated with. A range of morphological and physiological traits have been linked to drought tolerance in plants, which. This study aimed at developing drought tolerant sorghum varieties by transferring the stay green trait that confers drought tolerance in sorghum from a mapped and characterized donor source into an adapted farmer preferred variety. The effects of silicon application on the drought tolerance of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress. Like other millets, sorghum is genetically suited to hot and dry ecologies, where it is difficult to grow most of the other food grain crops.
This has caused reluctance among farmers to grow the crop. Phenotyping sorghum reference set for drought tolerance oar. Miscellaneous comparison of drought tolerance of maize, sweet sorghum and sorghumsudangrass hybrids s. Paper presented at the 1995 annual meeting, american association for advancement of science, 19 february 1995, atlanta, ga, usa. The addition of a dicamba product or 2,4d with glyphosate generally will control broadleaf and grass weeds effectively provided an earlier burndown treatment has been applied in march or april. Upadhyaya, h d and dwivedi, s l and vetriventhan, m and krishnamurthy, l and singh, s k 2017 postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress trials, adjustment to flowering, and mini core collection in sorghum.
Project methods our newly developed high throughput screening tools will provide, for the first time, a quantitative measure of the levels of pre and postflowering drought tolerance in germplasm collections, mutant populations, and hybrid combinations. Genotypes with improved vegetative and reproductive heat tolerance will be identified, and the genetics underlying the tolerance will be determined. Schroetter julius kuhninstitute jki, institute for crop and soil science, braunschweig, germany. In subsaharan africa, drought at both seedling establishment and grain. For this reason, exploring the subtle differences in gene expression of. Due to these conditions we need to start looking at potential alternatives for forage production. Sorghum is more tolerant of alkaline salts than other grain crops and can therefore be successfully cultivated on soils with a ph kcl between 5. Sorghum usually grows poorly on sandy soils, except where a heavy textured subsoil is present. Sorghum is not tolerant of frost, shade, or sustained flooding clark, 2007. With more research and outreach, sorghum could be an extremely valuable crop for helping to feed the world in the future as we deal with limited inputs and water. Edmeades g 0, bolafios j, lafitte h r 1992 progress in breeding for drought tolerance in maize. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in. In sweet sorghum development, new hybrids have solved the problem with sweet sorghum having low seed set on difficulttoharvest tall stalks. Grain sorghum tolerates and avoids drought more than many other.
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